钼矿尾矿铜铅重金属离子溶出规律研究

为了评估钼矿尾矿的环境危害,通过105 d连续静态浸泡试验,定期监测钼矿尾矿浸泡液的pH值及其铜铅重金属离子浓度,研究了尾矿的离子溶出规律.结果表明,尾矿对酸性溶液有很强的中和能力,可将pH=3.5～6的酸性溶液在8 d内中和到pH=7的中性状态,并维持不变.液固比为1:10的浸泡液中Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的浓度都在25 d内达到最大值(分别为29.52和9.40μg/L),此后浓度下降,并发生震荡,但Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的浓度随时间的变化趋势不同.浸泡液中Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的平均浓度分别为19.37和4.29μg/L,尾矿中Cu和Pb的平均溶出率分别为0.097%和0.043%.钼矿尾矿可在中性条件下长期释放Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+),且Cu比Pb更容易溶出.     

尾矿库漫顶溃决动态演化及溃口展宽模型试验

为研究尾矿库漫顶溃决动态演化过程与溃口发展机理及规律,通过3组相似模型试验,对溃口展宽过程和演变机理进行了系统分析,提出了尾矿坝漫顶模式下溃口展宽速率的幂函数公式,并讨论了库水位上升阶段浸润线的变化过程及溃决阶段不同浸润线埋深条件下流速、流量、溃口宽度的变化过程。研究结果表明：尾矿坝的溃决过程可分为坝面漫流与冲沟形成、坝体崩塌与溃口快速扩张及稳定泄流3个阶段;浸润线埋深对流量、流速及溃口最终宽度有较大影响,排渗失效时峰值流量及溃口最终宽度接近正常排渗时的1.5倍,峰值流速可达1.2～1.3倍;降低浸润线高度可以延缓溃决泥石流到达下游的时间,紧急撤离时间也可延长3 min左右;提出的幂函数公式计算值与实测值吻合较好。     

多目标条件下矿山充填材料配比优化实验

为准确确定某铁矿尾砂胶结充填材料最优配比,分别选择制浆水性、砂灰质量比和料浆质量浓度与充填体强度、料浆坍落度和料浆泌水率作为尾砂胶结充填材料配比优化的影响因素和充填性能评价指标.基于响应面–满意度函数耦合理论,采用Box-Behnken实验设计方法开展13组不同充填配比实验,构建充填性能评价指标的响应面函数,研究各影响因素与目标响应量的相关关系及多目标条件下的最优充填材料配比.结果表明,制浆水性对响应量影响不显著;砂灰质量比对充填体强度影响极显著;坍落度受料浆质量浓度、砂灰质量比影响较显著;砂灰质量比和料浆质量浓度对料浆泌水率的影响均极为显著,且二者之间存在极显著的交互作用.该矿尾砂胶结充填材料最优配比为:制浆水性为海水,砂灰质量比为8.44:1,料浆质量浓度为72%,该配比条件下对应的响应量预测结果为:充填体28 d龄期单轴抗压强度为2.00 MPa,料浆塌落度为27.15 cm,料浆泌水率为7.35%,与验证实验结果基本吻合,为现场工业实验提供强有力的理论支撑.     

Geotechnical behavior of uranium mill tailings from Saskatchewan,Canada

This paper investigates the geotechnical behavior of uranium mill tailings from Saskatchewan, Canada.The 4% tailings were well-graded with 29% fines whereas the 5% and 6% tailings were gap-graded with 49% fines. All samples exhibited a negligible strength(0.4 k Pa) up to 60% solids, followed by a rapid increase. The 4% tailings exhibited a lower rate and amount of settlement than 5% and 6% tailings. The kidecreased from 10~(-2)to 10~(-4)m/s with a decrease in eifrom 16 to 4 and a decrease in ef from 8 to 4 such that 4% tailings showed one order of magnitude lower values than the 5% and 6%tailings. The settling potential decreased ten times(50%–5%) for 4% tailings and four times(60%–15%)for 5% and 6% tailings. The effective stress increased from 80 to 260 Pa in the settling tests. The 4%tailings were less prone to segregation when compared with 5% and 6% tailings. The average solids content after settling was 35% for 4% tailings, 40% for 5% tailings and 39% for 6% tailings with a solids content deviation of ±3%, ±8%, ±6%, respectively. All materials were essentially non-segregating at 40%initial solids.     

稀土尾矿对水泥熟料性能的影响

试验选用云南楚雄州某地稀土尾矿,以稀土尾矿部分取代黏土原料进行水泥熟料煅烧试验。试验结果表明:掺入稀土尾矿及铅锌矿烧成熟料中的f-CaO含量明显减少,生料的易烧性提高;其3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度均有不同程度的提高;水泥熟料中的C3S、C3A和C4AF含量有所增加,对水泥熟料的烧成起到促进作用,有利于水泥熟料矿物的形成,尤其是熟料中的C3S增加明显。     

尾矿土物理力学性质指标的相互关系

目的正确有效地确定尾矿土的抗剪强度,以保证尾矿库工程的稳定性．方法通过现场取样,然后在试验室进行土的物理及力学指标试验,研究尾粉砂、尾粉土、尾粉质黏土的含水率与孔隙比之间的关系以及含水率、孔隙比、干密度与抗剪强度指标之间的关系．结果随着含水率的增大,尾粉砂的孔隙比减小,尾粉土与尾粉质黏土的孔隙比增大;尾粉砂、尾粉土和尾粉质黏土的含水率与抗剪强度指标呈非线性关系;孔隙比、干密度与抗剪强度指标呈线性关系：随着孔隙比的增大,黏聚力与内摩擦角减小;随着干密度的增大,黏聚力与内摩擦角均增大．结论尾粉砂、尾粉土、尾粉质黏土的物理指标与抗剪强度指标之间存在相关性,在明确物理指标的情况下可以推断出相应的抗剪强度指标范围．     

Iron recovery from zinc mine tailings by magnetic separation followed by carbothermal reduction of self‐reducing briquettes

The volume of tailings produced by the extractive industry has been increasing due to the processing of the low‐grade ore. This issue can cause environmental accidents and require significant investment to control the disposal of tailings. Therefore, this study aims to recover iron from zinc mine tailings by wet magnetic separation followed by the carbothermal reduction of self‐reducing briquettes. Two magnetic separation routes were investigated to concentrate iron. Zinc mine tailings were processed by route I, in a rougher stage followed by a scavenger stage; and route II, in a rougher stage followed by a cleaner stage. The carbothermal reductions were performed using self‐reducing briquettes composed of Fe concentrate from the route with high Fe content and charcoal. The products were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), and volumetric chemical analysis. Magnetic separation route II provided the highest‐grade Fe concentrate, 52% Fe, while route I provided 33% Fe. In the carbothermal reductions, a metallization degree of 98% in the Fe concentrate briquette, 97% in the briquette with a 10% replacement of its raw material by Fe concentrate, and 99% in the hematite briquette was reached. The replacement of raw material by Fe concentrate showed no significant change in Fe recovery. Considering the whole process, magnetic separation and carbothermal reduction, the recovery of Fe from the zinc mine tailings was 67%. Therefore, the process route suggested in this study will not only reduce tailings disposal and consequently the risk of environmental accidents, but it will also provide profitable raw material for the steel industry.     

Pt族金属在加压氰化浸出过程中的行为探讨

对加压氰化浸出过程Pt族金属(Pt,Pd,Rh)行为的研究表明,Pt族金属氰化浸出率的顺序为Pd>Pt>Rh,而相应氰配合物高温下稳定性顺序为Rh≈Pt>Pd浸出过程中的行为规律实际上反映的是表面态Pt族金属的化学反应活性顺序,也即金属的原子态稳定性和金属键强度两种变化规律的综合表现,而Pt族金属氰配合物高温稳定性可以由“重Pt族配合物比相应结构的轻Pt族配合物的热力学稳定性更大,动力学惰性更高”以及金属氰配离子反应活性得到解释。     

水泥与胶固料胶结尾砂的试验比较

对水泥与胶固料胶结尾砂的试验结果进行分析,选用铁矿粗尾砂作为骨料,对不同尾砂胶结试块以及低配比试块的抗压强度、泌水量、排水方式进行比较试验.结果表明：胶固料试块比水泥试块强度高1倍左右;水泥试块早期强度较高,胶固料试块后期强度较高;相同配比下,水泥料浆淅水较多.     

子坝布置优化对尾矿坝稳定性影响分析

尾矿库是矿山重要设施,其安全影响周围人员和财产安全.堆积坝子坝布置是影响尾矿坝稳定性的因素之一.利用FLAC软件采用强度折减法分析了子坝高度和子坝坡比对尾矿坝安全系数影响.结果表明,子坝坡比不变条件下,尾矿坝安全系数随堆积坝子坝高度升高而降低.在子坝高度不变条件下,尾矿坝安全系数随子坝坡比增加而增大.分析成果对尾矿坝设计及现场管理具有一定的应用价值.